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Symptoms & Causes
Find out more about the signs and symptoms of HIV infection, the causes of HIV, and how HIV causes AIDS.
Learn about early and late symptoms of HIV and AIDS.
HIV doesn't affect everyone the same way. Some people notice signs soon after they get the virus. Others don't.
Most of the time, the signs of HIV are the same for men and women. But there are a few symptoms that are unique to men.
The symptoms of HIV are mostly the same for men and women. But there are a few signs that happen only in women.
You have HIV. Now, you're getting symptoms you've never had before. It's possible your HIV isn't under control.
Most people who have HIV get a rash at some point. It's a common symptom that can happen in early or later stages of HIV.
The most common respiratory symptoms in people with HIV are shortness of breath and coughing.
HIV/AIDS
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a viral infection transmitted through the sexual route. Intravenous needle sharing, infected blood transfusions and transmission from mother to child during birth and breastfeeding can also cause HIV infection. The symptoms become manifest two to four weeks after HIV infection. Symptoms can also be delayed for as long as ten months. HIV causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and can cause complications. Treatment of HIV / AIDS comprises antiretroviral drugs and lifestyle management. The patient may suffer from opportunistic infections, which are usually fatal. Hence control of infection in an HIV positive patient is a crucial part.
TypesHIV is classified into two different types:
The stages and progression of HIV infection is as following:
Asymptomatic phase: HIV infection initial stages without any significant symptoms. However, changes in the immune system are noted. This phase can last up to 3 months. Primary infection to develop into HIV disease and immunosuppression takes many years.
Primary infection: The patient replicates the HIV in his bloodstream and lymph nodes in this phase of the disease.
Symptomatic stage: this is known as the late phase of HIV disease, also known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The patient is at risk of developing opportunistic infections such as tuberculosis, candidiasis during this phase of infection.
SymptomsPatients may remain asymptomatic initially after infection. Symptoms progress over two to three weeks after infection, the delay in symptoms for ten months has also been noted in many patients. Non-specific symptoms of HIV may occur during the Acute retroviral phase of the illness. Symptoms pointed out during this phase are as following-
Chronic HIV infection without AIDS
Following are the routes of acquiring HIV/AIDS infection:
The following measures can prevent the spread of HIV infection:
Screening test and confirmatory test are the mainstays for the diagnosis of HIV infection. A complete blood count is performed to assess thrombocytopenia, leukopenia or anaemia. CD4 cell count and viral load are also essential in the diagnosis of HIV infection. Differential diagnosis also plays a significant role in testing for HIV infection. For example, considering cardiovascular disorders, order cardiac biomarkers.
In the case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pneumonia is a significant complication. Planning of chest X-Ray may be valuable to detect pulmonary infiltrates. Arterial blood gases provide essential information about an HIV infected person. Tuberculosis testing should be done. Sputum cultures are necessary for detecting bacterial infections. Other diagnostic tests such as CT scan may be crucial if disseminated TB is a possible diagnosis, especially in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Individual with AIDS and decreased cd4 cell counts are at risk for pancreatitis and cholecystitis. Industries diagnostic tests such as bilirubin, transaminase and light base are functional.
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is essential in patients with dysphagia. Diarrhoea is a common symptom in patients with AIDS. In these patients testing for bacteria, parasite, and ova should be performed. In severe refractory cases, colonoscopy is essential. Neurological complaints of HIV and AIDS should be detected using CT scan, CSF analysis, and lumbar puncture.
TreatmentAntiretroviral drugs: Antiretroviral drugs are the mainstay of treatment in HIV infected patients. Nucleoside/ nucleoid reverse transcriptase inhibitors in many combinations available. Along with this, CCR5 inhibitors and protease inhibitors are also used in the treatment of HIV infected patience.
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a vital part of HIV treatment.
Dolutegravir 50mg once or twice a day, Raltegravir 400mg tablet twice a day should be taken.
Protease Inhibitors
Prognosis
The progress of a patient suffering HIV with CD4 count greater than 500 lives a normal life compared to a person with a low CD4 level. Patients with AIDS who have untreated opportunistic infections have a low life expectancy.
Complications
A major complication to HIV is its progression to AIDS. It can be recognised when there is a low CD4 count with signs of opportunistic infections.
AIDS usually occurs when the lymphocyte count is below a specific level, and one of the following infections is present:
Mitochondrial dysfunction is blamed for some comorbidities associated with chronic HIV infection. MitoQ reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV infected mice on ART.
World AIDS Day 2022: Advancements In The Treatment Of HIV/AIDSMultiple neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of HIV are being tested and developed by scientists at the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC).
5 HIV Myths Proven False: Know Everything About Prevention ChoicesDr Atul Patel shares 5 myths about HIV/AIDS that have been proven false by facts and prevention options.
World AIDS Day 2022: HIV Infection Doesn t Always Lead To AIDS, Facts You Should KnowPeople detected with HIV-AIDS are still looked down upon by society. Let's dispel the myths surrounding HIV-AIDS.
20-Year-Old HIV-Positive Mother Left Unattended In Labour For Over Six Hours, Baby Dies Soon AfterStudies show the lack of knowledge about the routes of transmission of the virus among medical students and a strong association of HIV with unethical behaviour are two major reasons why these patients might suffer discrimination at their hands
HIV prevention lessons for Chennai's migrant workersHIV/AIDS is a disease that affects the human immune system. AIDS is the final stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
UNITAID To Roll Out Long-Lasting HIV Injection In South Africa, Brazil: All About This New Preventive MethodThe injection, developed by ViiV Healthcare, has been found to be more effective than daily oral PrEP in reducing the risk of HIV infection.
HIV Patients At 68 Per Cent Higher Risk Of Developing Heart Failure; Look Out For These SymptomsHeart failure is a common problem and can be triggered by many health complications, including HIV. Research has shown that people suffering from HIV are at higher risk of heart failure.
World AIDS Day 2021: Can HIV Spread Through Hugging or Kissing? Doctor Debunks Common MythsOn World AIDS Day, TheHealthSite.Com spoke to Dr. Deepak Verma, consultant internal medicine, Manipal Hospital, Ghaziabad to understand everything about this condition and myths that one can now put at rest.
World AIDS Day 2021: Rapid HIV Testing Kits In India -- How To Get Tested At HomeHIV test kit -- How to use it, what is the cost, how to read the results and more on this HIV testing kit answered.
World AIDS Day: Chronic Cough And Other Warning Signs of An HIV Infection That You Shouldn t IgnoreThe world marks AIDS Day on December 1 to highlight the work done to eliminate the epidemic. Today, on this day let's understand the various symptoms of HIV/AIDS infection that one should never ignore.
First Long-Acting Injection For HIV Approved, Patients Would Need Treatment Only For 6 DaysIn a breakthrough, a long-acting injection for HIV patients got a green light that will help reduce the time period for the treatment to just 6 days in a year.
The Importance Of Premarital Health CheckupsYou may be preoccupied with your wedding planning and spending a fortune on your wedding attire, food and decor. Along with that, make sure you are enrolling for some health tests too.
Good News For People With HIV! Lifelong Medication May Not Be Needed To Control The VirusLike most medicines, antiretroviral drugs for HIV can also cause side effects. Scientists explain how HIV patients can still keep the virus in remission after stopping ART.
Oxford Scientists Begin Clinical Trial For HIV VaccineVaccines are seen as a powerful tool to control and ultimately end HIV globally. Read on to know more about this Oxford HIV vaccine.
Beta Blockers May Put HIV Patients at Higher Risk of Heart Disease, Stroke and Heart FailureHIV patients taking beta blockers had 90 per cent higher risk of developing heart disease, heart failure or stroke for the first time compared to those who were taking ACEi/ARBs -- the most frequently prescribed type of high blood pressure medication, found a study.
This diabetes drug may be used as adjunct therapy for treating HIVCurrently, doctors use combinations of antiretroviral drugs to suppress HIV replication. But many patients taking ART treatment show signs of residual viral replication and immune impairment. A new study has indicated that a widely used diabetes drug may be the new weapon against HIV.
World AIDS Vaccine Day 2020: Can we hope for an effective shield against HIV soon?On the occasion of World AIDS Vaccine Day today, let us see if there is any hope of finding a cure of this disease in the near future.
Side Effects of HIV Drugs: MitoQ Supplement May Reverse Organ Damage Caused By HIV, Antiretroviral TherapyMitochondrial dysfunction is blamed for some comorbidities associated with chronic HIV infection. MitoQ reduced mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV infected mice on ART.
World AIDS Day 2022: Advancements In The Treatment Of HIV/AIDSMultiple neutralizing antibodies for the treatment of HIV are being tested and developed by scientists at the NIAID Vaccine Research Center (VRC).
5 HIV Myths Proven False: Know Everything About Prevention ChoicesDr Atul Patel shares 5 myths about HIV/AIDS that have been proven false by facts and prevention options.
World AIDS Day 2022: HIV Infection Doesn t Always Lead To AIDS, Facts You Should KnowPeople detected with HIV-AIDS are still looked down upon by society. Let's dispel the myths surrounding HIV-AIDS.
20-Year-Old HIV-Positive Mother Left Unattended In Labour For Over Six Hours, Baby Dies Soon AfterStudies show the lack of knowledge about the routes of transmission of the virus among medical students and a strong association of HIV with unethical behaviour are two major reasons why these patients might suffer discrimination at their hands
HIV prevention lessons for Chennai's migrant workersHIV/AIDS is a disease that affects the human immune system. AIDS is the final stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
UNITAID To Roll Out Long-Lasting HIV Injection In South Africa, Brazil: All About This New Preventive MethodThe injection, developed by ViiV Healthcare, has been found to be more effective than daily oral PrEP in reducing the risk of HIV infection.
HIV Patients At 68 Per Cent Higher Risk Of Developing Heart Failure; Look Out For These SymptomsHeart failure is a common problem and can be triggered by many health complications, including HIV. Research has shown that people suffering from HIV are at higher risk of heart failure.
World AIDS Day 2021: Can HIV Spread Through Hugging or Kissing? Doctor Debunks Common MythsOn World AIDS Day, TheHealthSite.Com spoke to Dr. Deepak Verma, consultant internal medicine, Manipal Hospital, Ghaziabad to understand everything about this condition and myths that one can now put at rest.
World AIDS Day 2021: Rapid HIV Testing Kits In India -- How To Get Tested At HomeHIV test kit -- How to use it, what is the cost, how to read the results and more on this HIV testing kit answered.
First Long-Acting Injection For HIV Approved, Patients Would Need Treatment Only For 6 DaysIn a breakthrough, a long-acting injection for HIV patients got a green light that will help reduce the time period for the treatment to just 6 days in a year.
The Importance Of Premarital Health CheckupsYou may be preoccupied with your wedding planning and spending a fortune on your wedding attire, food and decor. Along with that, make sure you are enrolling for some health tests too.
Good News For People With HIV! Lifelong Medication May Not Be Needed To Control The VirusLike most medicines, antiretroviral drugs for HIV can also cause side effects. Scientists explain how HIV patients can still keep the virus in remission after stopping ART.
Oxford Scientists Begin Clinical Trial For HIV VaccineVaccines are seen as a powerful tool to control and ultimately end HIV globally. Read on to know more about this Oxford HIV vaccine.
Beta Blockers May Put HIV Patients at Higher Risk of Heart Disease, Stroke and Heart FailureHIV patients taking beta blockers had 90 per cent higher risk of developing heart disease, heart failure or stroke for the first time compared to those who were taking ACEi/ARBs -- the most frequently prescribed type of high blood pressure medication, found a study.
This diabetes drug may be used as adjunct therapy for treating HIVCurrently, doctors use combinations of antiretroviral drugs to suppress HIV replication. But many patients taking ART treatment show signs of residual viral replication and immune impairment. A new study has indicated that a widely used diabetes drug may be the new weapon against HIV.
World AIDS Vaccine Day 2020: Can we hope for an effective shield against HIV soon?On the occasion of World AIDS Vaccine Day today, let us see if there is any hope of finding a cure of this disease in the near future.
New HIV vaccine coming soon: 5 ways to prevent the condition till thenAre you at higher risk of getting HIV infection? Don't worry. The HIV vaccine is on its way. But till the vaccine arrives, here are some ways to keep the condition at bay.
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Ex-girlfriend Files Suit, Says Alomar Exposed Her To AIDS
NEW YORK (CNN) -- A lawsuit filed January 30 by baseball great Roberto Alomar's ex-girlfriend alleges he engaged in unprotected sex with her while suffering from HIV/AIDS.
Roberto Alomar's ex-girlfriend says he had unprotected sex with her while infected with HIV.
Ilya Dall is asking for $15 million for "personal injuries" suffered due to Alomar's negligence. She and her two children lived with the former New York Mets slugger for three years.
She alleges that he started exhibiting signs of HIV as early as 2005, but twice refused recommendations for an HIV test by his doctor, saying that earlier tests for the disease had come back negative, according to court papers.
Alomar's lawyer, Charles Bach, was not available for comment, but attorney Luke Pittoni, who also represents Alomar, said, "We believe this is a totally frivolous lawsuit -- these allegations are baseless, he's healthy and he'd like to keep his health status private. We'll do our talking in court."
Anthony Piancentini, who is representing Dall, said he has "no comment" at this time.
Dall says in court papers that Alomar told her "I don't have HIV." She alleges he "lied and purposefully misrepresented his physical condition" and "that he was endangering the health and well being of [Dall] by continuing to have unprotected sexual relations with [her]," according to the lawsuit.
Court papers list several physical ailments that Dall says Alomar exhibited from early 2005 on, including white spots on his mouth and throat, extreme fatigue, back and vision problems, and shingles.
In early 2006, Alomar submitted to an HIV test that, according to court papers, confirmed he was HIV positive in February 2006. Dall says she went for an HIV test shortly afterward and the results were negative.
The couple visited a disease specialist shortly after Alomar's diagnosis, who found a mass in Alomar's chest and advised the couple that he was suffering from full-blown AIDS, according to the lawsuit. Dall alleges that a few days later, Alomar's skin was turning purple and he was foaming at the mouth; a spinal tap on February 21, 2006, confirmed he had full-blown AIDS, court papers said.
Dall claims in the lawsuit that Alomar's negligence caused her severe "emotional distress" over the health of her children. Court papers say that because the couple lived with the children, they may have been exposed to Alomar's saliva or blood in the bathroom, through things like toothbrushes and other items.
Dall claims to suffer from "permanent emotional distress" even after repeatedly testing negative for HIV. The lawsuit claims her fear of contracting the disease is known as "AIDS phobia" and that she suffers from permanent post-traumatic stress disorder.
Alomar requested Tuesday that the suit be moved to Brooklyn, New York, federal court. It was originally filed in Supreme Court in Queens, New York. An initial conference on the case is expected on April 15 in Brooklyn federal court.
Alomar is the son and brother of major leaguers -- father Sandy Alomar was a second baseman with several teams between 1964 and 1978 and brother Sandy Alomar Jr. Is a former catcher who played from 1988 to 2007.
Roberto Alomar retired in 2004 with a .300 lifetime batting average, 12 All-Star game selections and 10 Gold Gloves. He was the All Star Game MVP in 1998 and played on two Toronto Blue Jays World Series champion teams.
Alomar, then playing for the Baltimore Orioles, is also known for an incident in 1996 during a game against the Blue Jays when he spat in the face of umpire John Hirschbeck following a heated argument over a third strike. After the incident, Alomar claimed the umpire uttered a slur to him during the argument.
All About Major League Baseball • HIV and AIDS
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