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- America's Forgotten Mass Imprisonment of Women Believed to Be Sexually Immoral - History
- Highest Standard Deviation Based on ECR (2019 Fantasy Football) - FantasyPros
- See How Rising STD Rates Have Affected North Carolina - Charlotte, NC Patch
- Why women have to drive near Atlanta to get an abortion - Gainesville Times
| America's Forgotten Mass Imprisonment of Women Believed to Be Sexually Immoral - History Posted: 27 Mar 2019 11:00 AM PDT Under the 'American Plan,' women could be detained for sitting in a restaurant alone, changing jobs—or, often, for no reason at all. For much of the 20th century in America, a little-known but widespread government program locked people up without trials simply for having sexually transmitted infections—and then forced them to undergo dangerous, poisonous "treatments." If they were women, that is. Take, for example, the nearly two dozen women rounded up by authorities on a single day in Sacramento, California in 1919. Margaret Hennessey was one of them, apprehended while walking with her sister to the meat market. It was Tuesday, February 25, a clear winter morning with a gentle wind and temperatures rising to the 40s or 50s. Hennessey—who lived in Richmond, California with her husband, H.J., a Standard Oil foreman—had been staying in town, recovering from influenza at the home of her sister, known from press reports only as Mrs. M. Bradich. As the two women walked to the market, they were approached by an Officer Ryan and other members of Sacramento's "morals squad"—a unit formed that very morning, tasked with cleansing the city of vice and immorality. The police told the two lone women they were under arrest as "suspicious characters." Mrs. Hennessey tried to explain who she was and what she was doing in Sacramento. She offered to show the officers identification. She told the officers her 6-year-old son was attending school in a local convent, and if they arrested her, someone would have to care for him. The officers, Hennessey later told the press, "paid no heed, but took my sister and I to the hospital." The morals squad delivered Hennessey and Bradich to the "Canary Cottage," as the city's isolation hospital was known. There, a doctor probed and prodded the two women's genitalia, examining them for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). "At the hospital I was forced to submit to an examination just as if I was one of the most degraded women in the world. I want to say I have never been so humiliated in my life," Mrs. Hennessey told the local newspaper. "My reputation means something to me and I am going to defend it." Margaret Hennessey's experience was far from unusual. She had been detained under a program she likely had never heard of: the "American Plan." From the 1910s through the 1950s, and in some places into the 1960s and 1970s, tens of thousands—perhaps hundreds of thousands—of American women were detained and forcibly examined for STIs. The program was modeled after similar ones in Europe, under which authorities stalked "suspicious" women, arresting, testing and imprisoning them. READ MORE: When American Lawmakers Took a Page from the Nazi Playbook If the women tested positive, U.S. officials locked them away in penal institutions with no due process. While many records of the program have since been lost or destroyed, women's forced internment could range from a few days to many months. Inside these institutions, records show, the women were often injected with mercury and forced to ingest arsenic-based drugs, the most common treatments for syphilis in the early part of the century. If they misbehaved, or if they failed to show "proper" ladylike deference, these women could be beaten, doused with cold water, thrown into solitary confinement—or even sterilized. READ MORE: 7 of the Most Outrageous Medical Treatments in History  A poster created by the American Social Hygiene Association warning soldiers of the dangers of prositutes and STIs. Corbis/Getty Images Blamed for infecting the troopsThe American Plan began during World War I, as the result of a federal push to prevent soldiers and sailors from contracting STIs. In 1917, federal officials were horrified to learn that a huge percentage of men in the military (some erroneously estimated one in three) were infected with syphilis or gonorrhea. Suddenly these diseases presented not just a health threat—but a national security threat as well. So officials passed a federal law that outlawed sex work within a five-mile "moral zone" of every military training camp in the country. When they learned that most infected soldiers and sailors actually contracted their STIs back in their hometowns, they worked to expand this prohibition to cover the entire nation. And when they discovered that most of the women who supposedly infected the men weren't professional prostitutes, they expanded the program even further. So, beginning in 1918, federal officials began pushing every state in the nation to pass a "model law," which enabled officials to forcibly examine any person "reasonably suspected" of having an STI. Under this statute, those who tested positive for an STI could be held in detention for as long as it took to render him or her noninfectious. (On paper, the law was gender-neutral; in practice, it almost exclusively focused on regulating women and their bodies.) READ MORE: How Ireland Turned 'Fallen Women' into Slaves The Plan enjoyed complicity, if not outright support, in high places. New York Mayor Fiorello La Guardia gave speeches lauding the Plan; then-California Governor Earl Warren personally spearheaded its enforcement in his state. In 1918, the attorney general personally sent a letter to every U.S. attorney in the country, assuring them this law was constitutional; he also sent a letter to every U.S. district judge, urging them not to interfere with its enforcement. During World War II, the American Civil Liberties Union not only failed to oppose the Plan; its founder, Roger Baldwin, sent a memorandum encouraging its local branches to cooperate with officials enforcing it. Governors and state legislatures responded to the federal government's "model law" with enthusiasm. STIs were a hated epidemic, and sex workers, often incorrectly blamed for spreading most STIs, served as popular scapegoats. By 1921, every state in the union, as well as hundreds of municipalities, had one of these statutes on their books. Cities and states enforced these laws, off and on, for the next half-century. READ MORE: Why Many Married Women Were Banned from Working During the Great Depression The Sacramento sweepOne such city was Sacramento. Margaret Hennessey and her sister were not the only women arrested that day in 1919; Officer Ryan and the rest of the morals squad had had a busy morning. According to city police records, at about 9:25 a.m., they had arrested a Mrs. M. Sodfreid on "reasonable suspicion" of having an STI. Forty minutes later, they had arrested another woman, Lena Roserene, on the same charge. Then followed identical arrests of women recorded only as Mrs. J.S. Smith, Mrs. Butterworth and Mrs. R. Nichols. Hennessey and Bradich were Ryan's fifth and sixth STI arrests of the morning. It was a sweep. In all, the morals squad arrested 22 women on February 25, all for the crime of suspicion of STIs. But because Margaret Hennessey alone of these women gave a statement to the newspapers, it is her story that exemplifies the rest. The STI examinations showed that neither Hennessey nor Bradich had an STI, and officers released them at about 8:00 pm, with orders to appear for court the next morning. At 9:30 a.m., Hennessey stormed into court—ready, she declared to the Sacramento Bee, to "defend myself," but "I would have no chance." She was informed the charges had been dismissed. Nonetheless, the arrest left a mark. "I dare not venture on the streets," she told the Bee later that day, "for fear I will be arrested again." In fact, of the 22 women arrested for suspicion of STIs, 16 were released later that day, including Hennessey and Bradich. Six were held overnight, not allowed to speak with or contact anyone. In the end, only one of the 22 women tested positive for STIs. "In other words," the Bee reported, "out of twenty-two suspects subjected to an examination, the police were justified in arresting but one woman."  A government poster made during World War II. U.S. National Library of Medicine Women could be detained for almost any reasonActually, the police were justified in none of these arrests. It is clear to modern observers that the American Plan was a stunningly sexist program, and one that made no sense from a public-health perspective. Nearly every person examined and locked up under these laws was a woman. And the vague standard of "reasonable suspicion" enabled officials to pretty much detain any woman they wanted. Records exist in archives that document women being detained and examined for sitting at a restaurant alone; for changing jobs; for being with a man; for walking down a street in a way a male official found suspicious; and, often, for no reason at all. READ MORE: The Scandalous Sex Parties that Made Americans Hate Flappers Many women were also detained if they refused to have sex with police or health officers, contemporaneous exposés reveal. In the late 1940s, San Francisco police officers sometimes threatened to have women "vagged"—vaginally examined—if they didn't accede to sexual demands. Women of color and immigrant women, in particular, were targeted—and subjected to a higher degree of abuse once they were locked up. READ MORE: The First Birth Control Pill Used Puerto Rican Women as Guinea Pigs Enforcement of the American Plan ended by the 1970s, amid the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, the women's lib movement and the sex-workers-rights movement. It had lasted in many places for half a century; but today, half a century later, few people have ever heard of it. Even fewer are aware that the American Plan laws—the ones passed in the late 1910s, enabling officials to examine people merely "reasonably suspected" of having STIs—are still on the books, in some form, in every state in the nation. Some of these laws have been altered or amended, and some have been absorbed into broader public-health statutes, but each state still has the power to examine "reasonably suspected" people and isolate the infected ones, if health officials deem such isolation necessary. Scott W. Stern is the author of The Trials of Nina McCall: Sex, Surveillance, and the Decades-Long Government Plan to Imprison "Promiscuous" Women. History Reads features the work of renowned historians and authors.  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Highest Standard Deviation Based on ECR (2019 Fantasy Football) - FantasyPros Posted: 29 Mar 2019 08:48 AM PDT Fantasy football season is still months away, but it's never too early to start checking out the rankings. We here at FantasyPros have been hard at work compiling our Expert Consensus Rankings (ECR). If you're not familiar with ECR, it's a cumulative ranking system based on the individual rankings of many experts. Some of the early player rankings have an almost-unanimous result, but some are a little more questionable. Some players are about as close to "locks" as you can be, with the experts having little disagreement. Saquon Barkley, for example, is the consensus number one pick in this year's draft, and his standard deviation (STD DEV) is less than one point. Taking a look at some players with a little more risk is a very useful exercise. Let's say that Player A is ranked at 15 at his respective position with a STD DEV of 10.0. He's a player with a high floor and low ceiling, meaning the range of outcomes for his final ranking is high. Player B is ranked 25 at the same position but has a STD DEV of only 1.0, meaning he's far more likely to finish with an outcome close to his projections rather than exceeding it or falling short of it dramatically. Identifying those players that are "safe" and those that carry a little more "risk/reward" can help to shape your draft strategy — do you want to take a fairly risky prospect with a lot of upside or a guy with less upside and a more consistent floor? Here are some players who have the highest standard deviation among the experts, meaning there is a lot of debate on the outlook and the rankings on these guys can vary wildly. Note: Not all players were included here. Some players with much higher STD DEV are rookies without teams yet or players ranked too low to really be fantasy relevant at this time. Scoring used for these rankings is standard, and the data was compiled by looking at rankings by position rather than overall. Running Back
Kareem Hunt will face an eight-game suspension stemming from a domestic assault incident in February. He's ranked as the RB40 because he'll only play half of the season and will likely have to share time with Nick Chubb when he returns. Damien Williams played admirably in Hunt's absence last season, but it's clear that the Chiefs don't trust him as an every-down back. Hyde was signed by the Chiefs just two days after Hyde was released by the Jaguars, and he should immediately push Williams for work. Mike Davis will fill the soon-to-be vacant "Jordan Howard role" in Chicago alongside Tarik Cohen. He had his moments in Seattle, but he was used as mostly a third-down and pass-catching back, much like Cohen is. He'll likely open the season as the starter, but that's not a lock — what his role will be in this offense is yet unclear. Davis' range of outcomes is RB33 on the high end and RB71 on the low end — a very wide range indeed. The dissenting opinions on Latavius Murray surprise me a bit. He's a bigger back than the man he replaced, Mark Ingram, and he can play the role of bruiser to complement Alvin Kamara's abilities in space and in the passing game. Murray also has a nose for the end zone, scoring 26 rushing TDs over his last three seasons. He'll be in a timeshare with Kamara rather than operate as a backup as he did in Minnesota. The Saints' rushing attack is elite behind an excellent offensive line. The other two guys on this list are backups who have been very successful in relief work. C.J. Anderson, a former Broncos stud, stepped in for Todd Gurley last season and blew up for some huge games. With Gurley dealing with an arthritic knee, Anderson could have some continued success for the Rams in 2019. Matt Breida stepped up for an injured Jerick McKinnon last year and had a huge season. He also dealt with what seemed like a new injury every week, but managed to play through it. With the recent signing of Tevin Coleman and the (imminent?) release of McKinnon, Breida's 2019 outlook is foggy at best. Wide ReceiverHighest Standard Deviation
He's had just one 1,000-yard season in his four-year career, but has failed to play consistently from week-to-week. His new team will have him playing opposite Antonio Brown, and with a clear dearth of talent in Oakland's WR corps, Williams should be more involved in the offense than he was for the Chargers. It should be worth noting that Williams has the worst "best" projection of all these receivers, with no expert projecting him to finish as any more than a mid-range WR4. Humphries, as a possession receiver, has a higher floor than Williams but certainly a much lower ceiling as well. He should be in for a lot of targets and receptions in the Titans' passing attack without enormous upside (for my full outlook on Humphries, click here). Devin Funchess will immediately become a red-zone threat for the Colts and give Andrew Luck another weapon to pair with T.Y. Hilton, though his "best" projection is that of a low-end WR3. Geronimo Allison is a very interesting prospect in this year's draft because of his volatility. His STD DEV ranks third on this list, but his variance in outcomes (difference of 62 between "best" and "worst") is easily the highest here. Allison seemed like a lock for at least WR3 production and beyond when he started hot in 2018. He was the WR25 through four games before a groin injury forced him to miss all but one remaining game. He just got a new one-year deal from the Packers, so they obviously like what they see, but there is still a chance of re-injury or another Green Bay receiver emerging as the number-two behind Davante Adams. Emmanuel Sanders has quietly been a top-tier fantasy WR for years, but due to injuries, age, and a new QB, he's fallen in the ECR to a consensus WR46 ranking. Because of his talent and his huge production in the past, his "best" is a low-end WR2 while his "worst" is a mid-range WR6. Allen Robinson is a talented WR, but he's proven that he's not elite. Four years later, Robinson is still hanging his hat on a monster 2015 season with the Jags, but he has yet to even come close to replicating that production. His "best" of WR18 is a huge stretch. Tre'Quan Smith is a great deep threat, but he hasn't proven himself to be more than a one-trick pony yet. He was unable to make a significant impact for the Saints last year despite having Michael Thomas as the only reliable receiver on the team. Doug Baldwin had a down year in 2018 overall, but he came on in the second half of the season as he got healthier. It's understandable to have hesitation with Baldwin, but he's proven to be a reliable playmaker who can reach the end-zone consistently. He'll likely be a bargain in this year's draft. QuarterbackHighest Standard Deviation
Carson Wentz was an MVP candidate two years ago before season-ending injuries cost him postseason appearances in 2017 and 2018. His talent is undeniable, but his health is responsible for the STD DEV and range of outcomes (QB7, QB22) here. If he stays healthy all season, expect a big season at a discount. Cam Newton has got to be one of the most frustrating fantasy QBs of all time. He finished as the overall QB10 last year despite missing two games, but as always, his week-to-week production was a rollercoaster, and he went out early in the fantasy playoffs after it was revealed he never should have been cleared to play at all with a bad shoulder. Newton enjoyed his most accurate passing season with OC Norv Turner at the helm in 2018, but his career completion percentage is still under 60.0 percent. It's unknown how bad his shoulder injury is, lending to his high STD DEV. Jameis Winston's huge off-the-field issues and high rate of turnovers on the field cause hesitancy in ranking him too highly here. He's got the talent and offensive weapons to finish as a top-12 QB, but he hasn't played consistently for an entire season in his NFL career. This season could be a great barometer for the current direction and success of the Jon Gruden era in Oakland. The Raiders made big upgrades at WR by signing Antonio Brown and Tyrell Williams, and improvements on the offensive line with Trent Brown. Carr made three straight Pro Bowls from 2015-2017 and should be back to form after a down 2018. Of course, the Oakland situation could implode without much surprise, hence the high STD DEV. Mitch Trubisky will try to prove his 2018 breakout wasn't a fluke. He'll lose Jordan Howard in the backfield, and the Bears have arguably the weakest receiving corps in the NFC North. Dak Prescott's season-long production is usually the tale of two halves, as he tends to excel for stretches and fall off the map for others. With Amari Cooper, Randall Cobb, the return of Jason Witten, a great offensive line, and one of the league's best backs, he has no reason not to put up big numbers. His inability to do that over the course of a full season is likely what gave experts cause to pause. Tight End
Greg Olsen still hasn't announced if he will return to the NFL next season, so the jury is still out on his 2019 projections. Vance McDonald has a shot at top-10 production this season. The departures of Antonio Brown, Le'Veon Bell, and Jesse James have freed up a lot of targets for McDonald. Jimmy Graham and Delanie Walker are aging TEs without much juice left, and Tennessee has a better option in Jonnu Smith. Green Bay will likely grab an Iowa TE in the draft this year, majorly cutting into Graham's value. Jack Doyle has Eric Ebron and Devin Funchess to compete with for targets and red-zone looks, and Doyle looks to be the odd man out among that group. Austin Hooper and Trey Burton had solid 2018 campaigns, but the production at the TE position for the Bears and Falcons has been sporadic in recent years. Defense/Special TeamsHighest Standard Deviation
The teams most likely to finish in the bottom 10 are:
Zachary Hanshew is a correspondent at FantasyPros. For more from Zachary, check out his archive and follow him @zakthemonster.  | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| See How Rising STD Rates Have Affected North Carolina - Charlotte, NC Patch Posted: 08 Mar 2019 12:00 AM PST A new analysis of CDC data shows which states are most affected by the rising rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis, and the news is not great for North Carolina. The CDC's latest report released on the topic found that nearly 2.3 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis were diagnosed in the U.S. in 2017, which marked the fourth consecutive year of sharp increases in the three sexually transmitted diseases, according to the report. In all three categories, North Carolina ranked in the top 10, according to the data. The analysis by Health Testing Centers notes that when the CDC began collecting STD data in 1941, there were only 679,028 cases of syphilis and gonorrhea. Today, that figure includes cases of chlamydia, which had the most dramatic increase since the 1980s, the analysis says. Here's a look at how chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis have affected North Carolina: Chlamydia Mecklenburg County was ranked No. 32 in the country for Chlamydia cases, with 8,828 new cases in 2017. Gonorrhea Mecklenburg County was ranked No. 35 in the country for Gonorrhea cases, with 3,181 new cases in 2017. Syphilis Below are the states most affected by each STD: Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
The CDC said of the 2017 figures that the country was sliding backwards after decades of declining STDs and warned of the ongoing threat that gonorrhea will become resistant to the last antibiotic that can cure it. Read more via the Health Testing Centers here. (For more news like this, find your local Patch here. If you have an iPhone, click here to get the free Patch iPhone app; download the free Patch Android app here.)  Get the Charlotte newsletter | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Why women have to drive near Atlanta to get an abortion - Gainesville Times Posted: 30 Mar 2019 01:27 PM PDT [unable to retrieve full-text content]Why women have to drive near Atlanta to get an abortion Gainesville Times Women are out of luck when it comes to finding a place in Hall County to receive an abortion.One of the nearest options to Hall County to get an abortion is ...  |
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